Dina Nurpeisova’s Kiui “The year sixteen”. Dina Nurpeisova’s consciousness was greatly affected by the events of 1916, when the czarist government decided to mobilise for men of 18 to 43 for work on the home front from among the residents of the national regions - from those, who were usually called «aliens». In many places in Kazakhstan insurrections flared up against this «requisition» - as this mobilisation was officially called. The rebels were against the exploitation of the working masses by the feudal system, which intensified during World War One. The mobilisation demonstrated to Kazakh workers that the local bais and feudal overlords were for them a pitiless enemy not less than the czarism. The children of bais, mullahs, district bosses, biis, and elders were not sent to serve. In their place, often under the names of these elite children, the bais sent those poor people who were not eligible to recruiting because of their age and family situation. At the head of the riots were the best sons of the Kazakh people such as Amangeldy Imanov. The Kazakh people’s akyns and composers could not remain unmoved by the people’s grief and wrath. They created multiple works that testified to the formidable events that shook the steppe. Despite the fact that the punishment teams of the government were searching everywhere cruelly suppressing the insurrections and punishing its participants, rumours leaked through to the Kazakh steppe that there was going to be the overthrow of the Czar. The revolutionary teachers, students, Russian workers and soldiers who left the fronts of the imperialist war carried these rumours. Throughout the Summer and Autumn 1916 riders galloped between the auls who asked «suiunshi» (remuneration for the bringing of good news). They were trumpeting for all the steppe that the Czar had already been overthrown, that the decree on mobilisation was no longer in force and that there would be equality and comradeship, freedom for all! Dina’s son Zhurunbai had been mobilised and she, already a master of the dombra, composed the kiui dedicated to the year 1916 called «Recruiting». The people popularly know this kiui under the name «The Year Sixteen». A completely different composition from works of other people’s composers with the same title, «The Year Sixteen» of Dina is optimistic; there is no lamentation, no weeping, no sadness. In this kiui as if one hears the galloping horses of the risen djigits, the song of the exultant crowd, the joy of people who have heard the news of the overthrow of the White Czar. The kiui from the beginning to the end pictures the strength and indomitability of the risen people and only in some places - in the refrain - there appears in passing the motives of courageous brooding as if reminding of the quiet before the storm. In this kiui Dina depicts her faith in the future, the faith in the people’s strength. «The Year Sixteen» is a war cry of the risen, the song of the riders galloping and may be on the offensive upon the enemy.